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German Ancestry: What is the Genetic History of Germany?

Chapters:
0:00 Intro
0:26 Ancient Genetics of Germany and Archaeological Cultures
4:07 Germany After the Collapse of the Western Roman Empire
8:25 House of Habsburg, the Holy Roman Empire and Charlemagne
9:17 Modern German Haplogroups

Unified into a modern nation-state in 1871, Germany is a powerhouse of a country, but what is its genetic history and what haplogroups are common amongst German people today? Now Germany is home to over 80 million people, with many people around the world also having German ancestry, including in the US, Canada, Brazil and Argentina. It is made up of 16 different states, from Bavaria in the south to Hamburg in the north, with Saxony and Berlin in the east.

But what about its genetic history? Well lets start at the beginning and look at the events that shaped the genetic foundation of Germany. As a general overview, 3 major episodes form the ancient genetic bedrock of Germany and most of Europe in general: (1) Western Hunter Gatherers; (2) the migration of Anatolian Neolithic Farmers into Europe; and (3) the introduction of Steppe ancestry during the Bronze Age due to migrations from the Pontic-Caspian steppe associated with the Yamnaya culture, with the ability to digest milk potentially brought into many parts of Europe with this migration. The Yamnaya are also thought to have been a tall people, which was perhaps related to their high protein diet.

Sources:

What is “French & German” Ancestry? - 23andMe Blog

Celtic History Decoded: Bell Beaker DNA: What Was the Genetic Makeup of the Culture that Changed Western Europe? (youtube.com)

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Linear Pottery culture - Wikipedia

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Nikitin, A.G., Stadler, P., Kotova, N. et al. Interactions between earliest Linearbandkeramik farmers and central European hunter gatherers at the dawn of European Neolithization. Sci Rep 9, 19544 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56...

Neparáczki, E., Maróti, Z., Kalmár, T. et al. Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin. Sci Rep 9, 16569 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53...

History and genetics of Early Medieval Germanic peoples - Eupedia

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The Distinctive ‘Habsburg Jaw’ Was Likely the Result of the Royal Family’s Inbreeding | Smithsonian (smithsonianmag.com)

Haak W et al. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe - PMC (nih.gov) Nature. 2015 Jun 11;522(7555):207-11. doi: 10.1038/nature14317. Epub 2015 Mar 2. PMID: 25731166; PMCID: PMC5048219.

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Ceballos FC, Alvarez G. Royal dynasties as human inbreeding laboratories: the Habsburgs - PMC (nih.gov) Heredity (Edinb). 2013 Aug;111(2):114-21. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2013.25. Epub 2013 Apr 10. PMID: 23572123; PMCID: PMC3716267.

European Y-DNA haplogroups frequencies by country - Eupedia

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A brief history of the Franks - Eupedia

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#germany #germanancestry #ancestry